Civil War in Central Europe, 1918-1921: The Reconstruction of Poland by Jochen Böhler

Author:Jochen Böhler [Böhler, Jochen]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9780192513335
Publisher: OxfordUP
Published: 2018-10-24T00:00:00+00:00

1 Michał Römer, Dzienniki, 1916–1919, edited by Agnieszka Knyt (Warsaw: Ośrodek Karta, 2018), 689; English translation as in Wróbel, “The Revival of Poland and Paramilitary Violence,” 303.

2 Hugh Gibson, An American in Warsaw: Selected Writings of Hugh S. Gibson, U.S. Minister to Poland 1919–1924, edited by Vivian Reed, Mieczysław B. Biskupski, Jochen Böhler, and Jan-Roman Potocki (Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2018), 43.

3 Christoph Mick, “Vielerlei Kriege: Osteuropa 1918–1921,” in Formen des Krieges. Von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart, edited by Dietrich Beyrau, Michael Hochgeschwender, and Dieter Langewiesche (Paderborn: Schöningh, 2007), 311–26, quote: 311.

4 Jonathan D. Smele, The “Russian” Civil Wars 1916–1926: Ten Years that Shook the World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015), 36.

5 Stanley G. Payne, Civil War in Europe, 1905–1949 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 33.

6 Joachim von Puttkamer, “Collapse and Restoration: Politics and the Strains of War in Eastern Europe,” in Böhler, Borodziej, and von Puttkamer (eds), Legacies of Violence, 9–23, here: 10.

7 Gatrell, “War After the War: Conflicts, 1919–1923,” 558.

8 Enzo Traverso, Fire and Blood: The European Civil War, 1914–1945 (London: Verso, 2017), 53.

9 Cited after “Fragment kroniki klasztoru i konwiktu oo. Jezuitów w Chyrowie za lata 1918–1919,” in Józef Wołczański (ed.), Kościół rzymskokatolicki i Polacy w Małopolsce Wschodniej podczas wojny ukraińsko–polskiej 1918–1919: Źródła, 2 vols (Cracow: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II, 2012), vol. 2, 27–79, here: 28. Thanks to Maciej Górny for this quote.

10 Entry “civil war, n.,” in Michael Proffitt, Philip Durkin, and Edmund Weiner (eds), Oxford English Dictionary: online, www.oed.com, accessed May 15, 2018.

11 Sanborn, Imperial Apocalypse, 237, 4.

12 Margaret MacMillan, Paris 1919: Six Months that Changed the World (New York: Random House, 2003), 207.

13 Peter Holquist, “Violent Russia, Deadly Marxism?: Russia in the Epoch of Violence, 1905–21,” Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 4, no. 3 (2003): 627–52, here: 644–5: “The violence of the Russian Civil War appears not as something perversely [sic] Russian or uniquely Bolshevik, but as the most intense case of a more extended European civil war, extending through the Great War and stretching several years after its formal conclusion.”

14 Gerwarth, The Vanquished, 7.

15 David Armitage, Civil Wars: A History in Ideas (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2017), 15, 238–9.

16 Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War, edited by Henry Dale (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1891), 207.

17 Caius Julius Caesar, The Commentaries of Caesar, Translated into English: To Which is Prefixed a Discourse Concerning the Roman Art of War, edited by William Duncan (St. Louis, MO: Edwards & Bushnell, 1856), 233, 246. For civil war and the experience of unlimited violence in ancient Greece and Rome see Andrew Wolpert, Remembering Defeat: Civil War and Civic Memory in Ancient Athens (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002); Richard Alston, Rome’s Revolution: Death of the Republic and Birth of the Empire (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015); Werner Riess and Garrett G. Fagan (eds), The Topography of  Violence in the Greco–Roman World (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2016). Thanks to Matthew Trundle for pointing out those and other relevant publications on the classic period to me.

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